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The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for
Writers, Editors, and Publishers, 15th edition, is available
in the reference area of the library (PN147.C55 2003) and
may be checked out through our catalog.
This handout is intended as a very brief introduction to style
rules; consult the Manual for detail.
Two systems of documentation are offered: notes and bibliography
(used primarily in literature, history, and the arts), and
author-date (used primarily in the physical, natural, and
social sciences). Examples of the
different systems are available below, and details about citing
electronic sources are provided.
This handout addresses the author-date
system - For additional help and examples, consult The
Chicago Manual of Style Q & A.
(for details and examples, see pp.
616+ and chapter 17)
- Sources
are cited in the text, in parentheses, by the author's last
name, the publication date of the work cited, and a page
number if necessary
- Full details
appear in the "References" or "Works Cited"
section
- Personal communications
may be cited in-text, but are rarely listed in the References
Book with one author
(Doniger 1999)
Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the difference.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Book with two authors
(Cowlishaw and Dunbar 2000)
Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate conservation
biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Book with more than three authors
(Laumann et al. 1994)
Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and
Stuart Michaels. 1994. The social organization of sexuality:
Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
Editor, translator, or compiler
(Lattimore 1951)
Lattimore, Richmond, trans. 1951. The Iliad of Homer.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Chapter or other part of a book
(Twaddell 1957, 85-87)
Twaddell, W. Freeman. 1957. A note on Old High German umlaut.
In Readings in linguistics I: The development of descriptive
linguistics in America, 1925-1956. 4th ed. Edited by
Martin Joos. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Secondary source ("quoted
in...")
(Zukofsky 1931)
Zukofsky, L. 1931. Sincerity and objectification.
Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269. Quoted in B. Costello,
Marianne Moore: Imaginary possessions. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
Organization as author
(British Standards Institute 1985)
British Standards Institute. 1985. Specifications
for abbreviations of title words and titles of publications.
Linford Woods, Milton Keynes, UK: British Standards Institute.
Journal article
(Smith 1998, 639-40)
Smith, John Maynard. 1998. The origin of altruism. Nature
393:639-40.
Magazine article
(Gourmet 2000)
Gourmet. 2000. Kitchen Notebook. May.
For additional help and examples, consult The
Chicago Manual of Style Q & A or Sources.
- Permanence
Electronic sources
may change, or disappear. Accuracy should be verified as
close to publication as possible.
- Authority
Consider the author when assessing electronic content.
Content cited without formal ties to a publisher or sponsoring
body is equivalent to unpublished or self-published material.
However, anything posted on the Internet is "published"
in terms of copyright, and must be accorded a complete citation
and copyright permission, if relevant.
- Publications Available in
Both Print and Electronic Forms
Authors must cite the specific format used, so the reader
can tell whether a print or online source was consulted.
- Access Dates
Chicago does not normally recommend including them
in the citation; however, for sources likely to have substantive
updates, or time-sensitive material, the date of the author's
last visit to the site may be helpful. Access dates may
be required in your discipline.
- Page Numbers
When accurate page numbers are available, cite
the page range in the bibliography or reference list. If
individual page numbers are not available, add a descriptive
locator to the note or in-text citation.
- Personal Communications
References to telephone, in-person, by letter or
e-mail, conversations are usually incorporated into the
text, or given in a note. They are rarely listed in the
bibliography or reference list.
NEW directly
from the Manual Q & A: "Notwithstanding the advice
at 17.357, it can generally be considered unnecessary to cite
the name or URL of a third-party database that provides access,
typically through library Web sites, to published material.
Instead, cite the original publication information of the
article." (i.e., do not include the URL for Ebscohost
or any particular database; it is helpful, however, to note
the database name).
Public documents
(Illinois Constitution)
Illinois Constitution, art. 2, sec. 2. http://www.legis.state.il.us/commission/lrb/conmain.htm.
Online journals
(Warr and Ellison 2000, under "The Consequences
of Fear")
Warr, M., and C.G. Ellison. 2000. "Rethinking
Social Reactions to Crime: Personal and Altruistic Fear in
Family Households." American Journal of Sociology
106, no. 3 (November): 551-78. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJS/journal/issues/v106n3/05125/05125.html.
(Hlatky et al. 2002)
Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff, Penny
Sharp, and Mary A. Whooley. 2002. "Quality-of-Life and
Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving
Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin
Replacement Study (HERS) trial." Journal of the American
Medical Association 287, no. 5 (February 6), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo
(accessed January 7, 2002).
Organization web site
(Federation of American Scientists)
Federation of American Scientists. Resolution
comparison: Reading license plates and headlines. http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolve5.htm.
News and journal databases
(Thomas 1956)
Thomas, Trevor M. 1956. "Wales: Land of
Mines and Quarries." Geographical Review 46,
no.1:59-81. http://www.jstor.org/.
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