Joan Clingan

REPARATIONS RESOURCES

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION RESOURCES

KEY DOCUMENTS RELATING TO AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

REPARATIONS RESOURCES

Learn more about John Conyers’s proposal for a commission to study reparations from Conyers’s website:

http://www.house.gov/conyers/news_reparations.htm

The following is a book that includes numerous essays on diverse positions relating to reparations. It also includes the full text of constitutional amendments 13, 14, and 15; Sherman’s 1865 “40 acres and a mule” order; the Conyers HR 40 bill; and recommendations for action that came from the 2001 World Conference against Racism.

Winbush, Raymond A., ed. Should America Pay?: Slavery and the Raging Debate on Reparations.

       New York: Amistad, 2003.

The National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America—perhaps the largest organization working for reparations, NCOBRA is “a coalition of organizations and individuals committed to the economic, cultural, intellectual, political, social, and spiritual empowerment of black people in the USA,” and points out that the reparations movement began at the end of the Civil War when “political, civil and business leaders grappled with the pressing question of what to do with the […] newly freed Africans [who] cried out immediately for restitution - payback for centuries of stolen labor, cultural degradation and dehumanization”:

http://www.ncobra.com/

Millions for Reparations—they point out that the UN World Conference Against Racism brought the issue of the crime of the Transatlantic Slave Trade to the forefront in a way that makes now the time to push broadly for reparations in the US:

http://www.millionsforreparations.com/

UBUNTU—a race-neutral nonprofit organization that advocates reparations.

http://www.ubuntu.tv/

Caucasians United for Reparations and Emancipation—an organization of white folks who state that “full and complete reparations must be paid not only for slavery and the atrocities that flowed from slavery, but for the ongoing effects of slavery that exist today”:

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION RESOURCES

Bowen, William G., and Derek Curtis Bok. The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of

      Considering Race in College and University Admissions. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Chang, Mitchell J. Compelling Interest: Examining the Evidence on Racial Dynamics in Colleges and

      Universities. Stanford: Stanford Education, 2003.

Orfield, Gary, Michal Kurlaender, and Civil Rights Project (Harvard University). Diversity Challenged:

      Evidence on the Impact of Affirmative Action. Cambridge: Harvard Education, 2001.

Orfield, Gary, Edward Miller, and Civil Rights Project (Harvard University). Chilling Admissions: The

      Affirmative Action Crisis and the Search for Alternatives. Cambridge: Harvard Education, 1998.

The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University has excellent resources and documentation of their own research on affirmative action, including a report on the use of percentage plans in three states, and information about the books Chilling Admissions and Diversity Challenged:

http://www.civilrightsproject.harvard.edu/

American Institute for Managing Diversity is national nonprofit think tank for diversity management:

http://www.aimd.org/

Your Portal to Diversity: A web page associated with the excellent journal, Black Issues in Higher Education; includes myriad resources.

http://www.blackissues.com/index.asp

The online connection to the journal Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education:

http://www.hispanicoutlook.com/

A web site offering support geared toward college bound African Americans specifically and first generation college students in general:

http://www.blackexcel.org/

The American Indian Higher Education Consortium has a number of good resources here:

http://www.aihec.org/links.htm

The University of Michigan has two extensive web pages that document the background of the two lawsuits, including resources for discussing or addressing affirmative action, as well as their own admissions policies:

http://www.umich.edu/~urel/admissions/

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/affirm.html

The Center for Higher Education Policy Analysis at the University of Southern California has a number of publications that may be useful. I recommend “The Road Ahead: Improving Diversity in Graduate Education”:

PDF File: http://www.usc.edu/dept/chepa/pdf/ImprovingDiversity.pdf

The Chronicle of Higher Education, and especially the Chronicle online, provides a great way to follow current thought relating to all issues in higher ed, and especially affirmative action and diversity:

http://chronicle.com/

A team of lawyers created “Preserving Diversity in Higher Education: A Manual on Admissions Policies and Procedures After the University of Michigan Decisions,” which provides guidance for admissions officers following U.S. Supreme Court decisions in University of Michigan case. The full manual can be downloaded at:

http://www.preserveaffirmativeaction.org

For an overview on the remedy aspect of affirmative action and the history of reparations, see this text: Winbush, Raymond A., ed. Should America Pay?: Slavery and the Raging Debate on Reparations. New York: Amistad, 2003.

AACRAO. Search the resource center for articles on diversity and affirmative action:

http://www.aacrao.org/resource_center/index.htm

NACAC has a number of resources online. NACAC sponsors a Counselors of Color Workshop each year that focuses on serving a diverse population of prospective students:

http://www.nacac.com/diversity.html

Key Documents Relating to Affirmative Action

Executive Order 10925, where President John F. Kennedy established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity:

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/jfkeo/eo/10925.htm

And the current Equal Employment Opportunity policy, Executive Order 11246:

http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/statutes/ofccp/eo11246.htm

The Civil Rights Act of 1964:

http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civilr19.htm

Lyndon B. Johnson’s commencement address at Howard University, June 4, 1965, where he said “freedom is not enough. You do not wipe away the scars of centuries by saying: Now you are free to go where you want, and do as you desire, and choose the leaders you please. You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say, ‘you are free to compete with all the others,’ and still justly believe that you have been completely fair. Thus it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. All our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates.”

http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/650604.asp

See the full text of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the US Constitution, which respectively made slavery illegal other than as punishment for a crime, guaranteed US citizens equal protection under the law, and gave men of color the right to vote. (I’d encourage you to give a current read to the full constitution and amendments if you’re so inclined.)

http://www.house.gov/Constitution/Amend.html

Information about and history of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, presented by the United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division:

http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/voting/intro/intro.htm

Last updated February 1, 2005.

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